2024年10月significantdecline（怎么理解下面这句话中的介词短语“down the line”是固定用法吗这里的副词 further 是用来修饰它的吗）

　　⑴significantdecline（怎么理解下面这句话中的介词短语“downtheline”是固定用法吗这里的副词further是用来修饰它的吗

　　⑵怎么理解下面这句话中的介词短语“downtheline”是固定用法吗这里的副词further是用来修饰它的吗

　　⑶Intheliftherthoughtswereonlunchandagoodrest；她乘上电梯后，只想着午餐和好好休息一下，wereon不算固定词组，就是思想在什么上面。

　　⑷wade是动词，?跋涉，涉，蹚（水或淤泥等?的意思，后面一般是加副词或介词，这里的down就是向下的意思，指出方向，表示他们向下蹚过被水淹没的草场。

　　⑸此句中的as还是作连词并非介词，引导的是一个比较状语从句，可以翻译为“和......相比”。只是该从句经常采用省略语法，有时候甚至可以省略到只剩一个主语即可，此时其前的确经常出现such,so,as或者thesame。

　　⑹（注：多数辅音的读音与拼音差别不大，可以通过拼音来进行谐音；还有一部分辅音没有对应的拼音字体，这里我们主要是针对/θe??/这四个辅音其中，/θ/和/e/这两个音标，它们并没有相近似的拼音来对应，主要是靠嘴形来记忆。

　　⑺/θ/――上下牙齿咬着舌头尖，发“斯“的音；/e/――舌头顶上牙堂发拼音z一声；/?/――师；/?/――牙齿闭合，舌头虚碰牙齿发拼音r一声。

　　⑻宏观经济关于需求供给的分析题目！急求！！！！！

　　⑼不考虑对潜在产出的影响，短期内需求曲线右移，产出增加。长期内，供给曲线垂直，需求曲线的移动不影响产出。考虑到潜在产出的增加，供给曲线在短期和长期均右移，再配合上需求曲线的移动。短期内产出增加更多。长期上也会使产出增长。我看英文上海那个还要分析菲利普斯曲线，顺便说一下：不考虑对潜在产出的影响，短期价格下降，就业率上升；长期受自然就业率限制，可能会有回落，可以根据初始状况进行讨论。考虑到潜在产出的增加，短期和长期均有增加。短期上按菲利普斯曲线分析即可；长期上出现增长是因为自然就业率增加。

　　⑽考研英语二大作文应该包括哪些句型

　　⑾博志复旦考研为你解答：考研英语一写作该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共分。A节（小作文：考生根据所给情景写出约词（标点符号不计算在内的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。考生在答题卡上作答。共分。B节：考生根据提示信息写出一篇~词的短文（标点符号不计算在内。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡上作答。共分。考研英语二写作该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。共题，分。A节（小作文：考生根据所给情景写出约词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。考生在答题卡上作答。共分。B节：要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇词以上的英语说明文或议论文。提供情景的形式为图画、图表或文字。考生在答题卡上作答。共分。小作文范文以辞职信为例：辞职信模板：Dear__________,Iamwritingtoinformyouaboutthedecisiontoresignfrommycurrentposition.Thereareafewfactorsinvolved.Firstandforemost,__________.Secondly,__________.Lastbutnotlast,__________.IwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmygratitudefortherewardingexperiencethatIhaveenjoyedduringmyemployment.Isincerelywishyoucouldapproveofmyresignation,andIapologizeinadvanceforanyinconveniencethuscaused.Sincerelyyours,LiMing

　　⑿一篇作文题目是ShouldPublicInstitutionsSupportSportsCarryingRiskswithPublicMoney

　　⒀newargumenttopicsthefollowingappearedinthebusinesssectionofanewspaper.“giventhatthenumberofpeopleinourcountrywithsomeformofarthritisisexpectedtorisefrommilliontomillionoverthenexttwentyyears,pharmaceuticalpaniesthatproducedrugsforthetreatmentofarthritisshouldbeveryprofitable.manyanalystsbelievethatintenyearsbectonpharmaceuticals,whichmakesxenon,thebest-sellingdrugtreatmentforarthritis,willbethemostprofitablepharmaceuticalpany.butthepatentonxenonexpiresinthreeyears,andotherpanieswillthenbeabletoproduceacheaperversionofthedrug.thus,itismorelikelythatintenyearsthemostprofitablepharmaceuticalpanywillbeperkinspharmaceuticals,makerofanewdrugcalledxylan,whichclinicalstudiesshowispreferredoverxenonbysevenoutoftenpatientssufferingfromthemostextremecasesofarthritis.“thefollowingappearedinamemofromthechiefexecutiveofavideogamepany.“wehaverecentlybeenofferedtheopportunitytobuytherightstoproduceavideogamebasedonthesoon-to-be-publishedchildren’sbook“squirrelpower,“bypeterwood.whilethecostoftherightsissubstantialandwillplaceeconomionstraintsonourpanyintheshort-term,therearetworeasonsthatthepurchaseoftheserightswillundoubtedlybeawiseinvestment.first,wood’slastthreebookshavebeenbestsellersandthemoviebasedonhisfirstbookwashighlyprofitable.second,thepopularcharactersandstorylinein“squirrelpower“willsaveustimeindevelopingourvideogame,therebyreducingourcosts.“whenidamcallisterranformayoroflakecityfouryearsago,shefailedtowinevenpercentofthevote.butsincethen,mcallisterhasmadepublichermitmenttoenvironmentalcauses.shewouldbewise,therefore,toannounceherintentiontoclosealllakecityparkstoautomobiletraffic,thusfollowingtheexampleoftheformermayorofplainsville,aleciayu.ontheremendationofasmallgroupofconcernedcitizens,mayoryuprohibitedautomobiletrafficinallplainsvilleparks,andthereforewascreditedwithsolvingthepollutionproblemandimprovingthequalityoflifeinplainsville.thisactionwouldhavegreatappealtothecitizensoflakecity,mostofwhomparticipateinthemunity’srecyclingprogram,andwouldguaranteemcallister’ssuessinhercurrentquesttobelakecity’snewmayor.aordingtoinformationrecentlyreportedintheeliottowngazette,thenumberofpeoplewhotraveltoeliottownhasincreasedsignificantlyoverthepastseveralyears.sofarthisyearover,peoplehavearrivedonflightstoeliottown’sairport,paredwithonly,lastyearand,theyearbefore.eliottown’strainstationhasreceivedmorethan,passengersthisyear,paredwithlessthan,lastyearand,theyearbefore.clearlytourismineliottownhasbeenincreasing,thankstothenewcentralparkandmuseumofmodernartthatopenedlastyear.therefore,thefundingfortheparkandmuseumshouldbeincreasedsignificantly.thefollowingappearedintheeditorialsectionofanewsmagazine.“somestatesarecreatingnewlawsthatrestricttheuseofofhandheldcellphonesbydriversofautomobiles.suchlegislation,however,issheerfolly.althoughsomepeoplewithcellphonesundoubtedlycauseproblemsontheroad,includingseriousaidents,themajoritydonot.besides,problemsarealsocausedbydriverswhoaredistractedbyanynumberofotheractivities,fromlisteningtotheradiotodiscipliningchildren.sincethereisnoneedtopasslegislationrestrictingtheseandothersuchactivities,itfollowsthatthereisnoneedtorestrictpeople’sfreedomtouseadevicethattheyfindconvenient—orhelpfulinemergencies.“untilrecently,peopleinhipariadidmostoftheirshoppingbydrivingtoshoppingmalls.theyarebeginning,however,todomoreoftheirshoppingbyorderingmerchandisefrommail-ordercatalogsandtheinter.thesepurchasesaredeliveredtothembymailorbyadeliveryservice.formanypurchases,hipariansnolongerneedtodrivetoandfromshoppingmalls;therewillthereforebearesultingreductionintheconsumptionofvehiclefuelinhiparia.thefollowingreportappearedinanarchaeologyjournal.“thediscoveryofdistinctivelyshapedceramicpotsatvariousprehistoricsitesscatteredoverawideareahasledarchaeologiststoaskhowthepotswerespread.somebelievethepotmakersmigratedtothevarioussitesandcarriedthepotsalongwiththem;othersbelievethepotswerespreadbytradeandtheirmakersremainedinoneplace.now,analysisofthebonesofprehistorichumanskeletonscansettlethedebate:highlevelsofacertainmetallicelementcontainedinvariousfoodsarestronglyassociatedwithpeoplewhomigratedtoanewplaceafterchildhood.manyofthebonesfoundnearthepotsatafewsitesshowedhighlevelsofthemetallicelement.therefore,itmustbethatthepotswerespreadbymigration,nottrade.“milkanddairyproductsarerichinvitamindandcalcium,substancesessentialforbuildingandmaintainingbones.manypeoplethereforebelievethatadietrichindairyproductscanhelppreventosteoporosis,adiseaseinwhichthebonesweakensignificantlywithageandthatislinkedtobothenvironmentalandgeicfactors.butalong-termstudyofalargenumberofpeoplehasfoundthatthosewhohaveconsistentlyconsumeddairyproductsthroughouttheyearsofthestudyhaveahigherrateofbonefracturesthananyotherparticipantsinthestudy.sincebonefracturesareasymptomofosteoporosis,thisstudyresultshowsthatadietrichindairyproductsmayactuallyincrease,ratherthandecrease,theriskofosteoporosis.thefollowingappearedinthesummaryofastudyonheadachessufferedbytheresidentsofmentia.“salicylatesaremembersofthesamechemicalfamilyasaspirin,amedicineusedtotreatheadaches.althoughmanyfoodsarenaturallyrichinsalicylates,forthepastseveraldecadesfood-processingpanieshavealsobeenaddingsalicylatestofoodsaspreservatives.thisriseinthemercialuseofsalicylateshasbeenfoundtocorrelatewithasteadydeclineintheaveragenumberofheadachesreportedbyparticipantsinourtwenty-yearstudy.recently,food-processingpanieshavefoundthatsalicylatescanalsobeusedasflavoradditivesforfoods.withthisnewuseforsalicylates,wecanexpectacontinuedsteadydeclineinthenumberofheadachessufferedbytheaveragecitizenofmentia.“thefollowingappearedinanarticlewrittenbydr.karp,ananthropologist.“twentyyearsagodr.field,anotedanthropologist,visitedtheislandoftertiaandconcludedfromhisobservationsthatchildrenintertiawererearedbyanentirevillageratherthanbytheirownbiologicalparents.however,myrecentinterviewswithchildrenlivinginthegroupofislandsthatincludestertiashowthatthesechildrenspendmuchmoretimetalkingabouttheirbiologicalparentsthanaboutotheradultsinthevillage.thisresearchprovesthatdr.field’sconclusionabouttertianvillagecultureisfalse,andthusthattheobservation-centeredapproachtostudyingculturesisinvalid.becausetheyareusingtheinterview-centeredmethod,myteamofgraduatestudentsworkingintertiawillestablishamuchmoreaurateunderstandingofchild-rearingtraditionsthereandinotherislandcultures.“wovenbasketscharacterizedbyaparticulardistinctivepatternhavepreviouslybeenfoundonlyintheimmediatevicinityoftheprehistoricvillageofpaleaandthereforewerebelievedtohavebeenuniquetothepaleanpeople.recently,however,archaeologistsdiscoveredsucha“palean“basketinlithos,anancientvillageacrossthebrimriverfrompalea.thebrimriverisverydeepandbroad,andsotheancientpaleanscouldonlyhavecrosseditbyboat,butthereisnoevidencethatthepaleanshadboats.andboatscapableofcarryinggroupsofpeopleandcargowerenotdevelopeduntilthousandsofyearsafterthepaleanpeopledisappeared.moreover,paleanswouldhavehadnoneedtocrosstheriver—thewoodsaroundpaleaarefullofnuts,berries,andsmallgame.itfollowsthattheso-calledpaleanbasketswerenotuniquetopalea.thefollowingmemoappearedinthenewsletterofthewestmeriapublichealthcouncil.“aninnovativetreatmenthasetoourattentionthatpromisestosignificantlyreduceabsenteeisminourschoolsandworkplaces.astudyreportsthatinnearbyeastmeria,wherefishconsumptionisveryhigh,peoplevisitthedoctoronlyonceortwiceperyearforthetreatmentofcolds.clearly,eatingasubstantialamountoffishcanpreventcolds.sincecoldsarethereasonmostfrequentlygivenforabsencesfromschoolandwork,weremendthedailyuseofichthaid,anutritionalsupplementderivedfromfishoil,asagoodwaytopreventcoldsandlowerabsenteeism.“thefollowingappearedinamemorandumfromthepresidentofhumanacollege.“lastyearthenumberofstudentswhoenrolledinlong-distancedegreeprogramsatomniuniversityincreasedby%.duringthesameyear,omnishowedasignificantdecreasefromprioryearsinexpendituresfordormitoryandclassroomspace,mostlikelybecauseinstructioninthelong-distanceprogramstakesplaceviainteractivevideoputerconnections.incontrast,overthepastthreeyears,enrollmentathumanacollegehasdiminishedandcostsofmaintainingbuildingshaverisen.thus,toincreaseenrollmentandsolvetheproblemofbudgetdeficitsathumanacollege,weshouldinitiateandactivelypromotelong-distancedegreeprogramslikethoseatomni.“thefollowingappearedinamemorandumfromthepresidentofexcellofoodmarkets.“intownswhereexcellohasfoodmarkets,natural-foodstoresspecializinginanicfoodproducts—productscontainingnochemicalpreservativesandmadewithfoodsgrownwithoutpesticides—haveopenednearbyaspetitors.surveysofourowncustomersrevealagrowingconcernaboutfoodsgrownusingpesticidesorpreservedwithchemicals.recentlyourmarketinsuncityparticipatedinalocalfoodtastingfair,andpercentofthefairgoerswhovisitedtheexcelloboothrequestedfreesamplesofanicfruit.suchevidenceindicatesthattoincreaseourprofits,weshouldbegintostockafulllineofanicfoodproductsinallourmarkets.“thefollowingappearedinamemofromthevicepresidentofafood-distributionpanywithfood-storagewarehousesinseveralcities.“recentlywesignedacontractwiththefly-awaypest-controlpanytoprovidepest-controlservicesatourfast-foodwarehouseinpalmcity,butlastmonthwediscoveredthatover$,worthoffoodtherehadbeendestroyedbypestdamage.meanwhile,thebuzzoffpest-controlpany,whichwehaveusedformanyyears,continuedtoserviceourwarehouseinwintervale,andlastmonthonly$,worthofthefoodstoredtherehadbeendestroyedbypestdamage.eventhoughthepricechargedbyfly-awayisconsiderablylower,ourbestmeansofsavingmoneyistoreturntobuzzoffpanyforallourpest-controlservices.“thefollowingappearedinaproposalfromtheeconomicministerofthecountryofparaterra.“inordertostrengthenitslaggingeconomy,lastyearthegovernmentofthenearbycountryofbellegeabegananadvertisingcampaigntopromoteecologicallysoundtourism(ecotourism).thisyearthenumberofforeignvisitorsarrivingatbellegea’smainairportdoubled,andpercapitaineinbellegeaincreasedbytenpercent.toprovidemoreineforthepopulationofparaterraandalsopreservethenaturalenvironmentofourtinycountry,wetooshouldbegintopromoteecotourism.toensurethatouradvertisingcampaignissuessful,weshouldhirethecurrentdirectorofbellegea’snationaltourismofficeasaconsultantforthecampaign.“thefollowingappearedaspartofabusinessplandevelopedbythemanageroftherialtotheater.“despiteitsdowntownlocation,therialtomovietheater,alocalinstitutionforfivedecades,mustmakebigchangesorcloseitsdoorsforever.itshouldfollowtheexampleofthenewapextheaterinthemalloutsideoftown.whentheapexopenedlastyear,itfeaturedavideoarcade,plushcarpetingandseats,andastate-of-the-artsoundsystem.furthermore,inarecentsurvey,overpercentofrespondentsreportedthatthehighpriceofnewlyreleasedmoviespreventsthemfromgoingtothemoviesmorethanfivetimesperyear.thus,iftherialtointendstoholdontoitsshareofadecreasingpoolofmoviegoers,itmustofferthesamefeaturesasapex.“thefollowingisaremendationfromthebusinessmanagerofmonarchbooks.“monarchbooksshouldopenacafèinitsstoretoattractmorecustomersandbetterpetewithregalbooks,whichrecentlyopenedacafè.monarch,whichhasbeeninbusinessatthesamelocationformorethantwentyyears,hasalargecustomerfollowingbecauseitisknownforitswideselectionofbooksonallsubjects.openingthecafèwouldclearlyattractmorecustomers.thecafèwouldrequirerelativelylittlespace.spacecouldbemadeforthecafèbydiscontinuingthechildren’sbooksection,whichwilllikelybeelesspopulargiventhatthelastnationalcensusindicatedasignificantdeclineinthepercentofthepopulationwhoareunderageten.“thefollowingappearedasaneditorialinawildlifejournal.“arcticdeerliveonislandsincanada’sarcticregion.theysearchforfoodbymovingovericefromislandtoislandduringthecourseofayear.theirhabitatislimitedtoareaswarmenoughtosustaintheplantsonwhichtheyfeed,andcoldenough,atleastsomeoftheyear,fortheicetocovertheseaseparatingtheislands,allowingthedeertotraveloverit.unfortunately,aordingtoreportsfromlocalhunters,thedeerpopulationsaredeclining.sincethesereportscoincidewithrecentglobalwarmingtrendsthathavecausedtheseaicetomelt,wecanconcludethatthedeclineinarcticdeerpopulationsistheresultofdeerbeingunabletofollowtheirage-oldmigrationpatternsacrossthefrozensea.“althoughblackbearsaremonintheeasterncanadianprovinceoflabrador,grizzlybears—oftensimilarincolor,butmuchlarger—werebelievedtoexistonlyinthewesternprovinces.despiteanieenth-centuryexplorer’saountofhavingstartledandnarrowlyescapedfromagrizzlybeardeepinthewoodsinlabrador,modernscientistsfindnophysicalevidencethatgrizzlybearshaveeverlivedinlabrador.butrecentresearchintothelanguageandlegendsoftheinnu,apeoplewhohavelivedinlabradorforthousandsofyears,revealsthattheirlanguagehaswordsfortwodifferentkindsofbears,andtheirancientlegendsattributedifferentcharacteristicstothetwokindsofbears.therefore,thereprobablyweregrizzlybearsinlabrador,andtheexplorer’saountprobablyauratelyidentifiedthebear.scientistsstudyinghistoricalweatherpatternshavediscoveredthatinthemid-sixth

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,asaresultofthis.增长至：Growto，riseto，increaseto，goupto，climbto，ascendto，jumpto，shootto.降低至：Dipto，fallto，declio，decreaseto，dropto，godownto，reduceto，slumpto，descendto，sinkto，slideto.保持稳定：Levelout，donotchange，remainstable，remainstill，remainsteady，bestable，maintainthesamelevel，remainunchanged，bestill，remainthesamelevel，stayconstant，keepatthesamelevel，leveloff，stabilize，keepitsstability，evenout.急剧的：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably.平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly.宣称：Allege,assert,declare,claim.发生：Happen,our,takeplace.原因：Reason,factor,cause.发展：Development,advance,progress.有益的：Useful,helpful,beneficial,profitable,rewarding，advantageous.影响：Influence,impact,effect.明显的：Clear,obvious,evident,self-evident,manifest,apparent,crystal-clear.占：prise,takeup,aountfor,constitute,consistof,makeup,oupy,hold,pose.与…相比：paredwith，paredto，inparisonwith，inparisonto，byparisonwith，byparisonto.对比而言：Bycontrast，incontrast，ontheotherhand，onthecontrary=，conversely.展示：Show,reveal,illustrate,demonstrate,depict,present,represent,describe.大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly.波动：Fluctuate，goupsanddowns，displayafluctuation，demonstrateafluctuation.事实上：Practically，inpractice，essentially，inessence，inreality，ineffect，infact，asamatteroffact，itisafactthat.换言之：Namely，thatistosay，inotherwords，toputitlikethis，toputitdifferently，toputitfromanotherway，toputitfromanotherangle.有声学院，一所专注国际教育的课后培训学校，课程涵盖：IELTS/TOEFL/SAT、学科指导、批判思维英文阅读/写作等课程，做有态度的教育是始终如一的原则。备考干货请看微信公众号「YouthShine有声」（ID：yousheng-edu，回复“故事”，送你个提分秘籍。

　　⒂“The**marketsupplynolongerlikeSpringFestivalperiodissoanxious,thuscausesthepricelargescaledrop““

　　⒃雅思写作考试综合词汇积累

　　⒄雅思小作文趋势类词汇

　　⒅上升动词类：increase,goup,riseup,growup,jumpup,surge,shootup,keepanupwardtendency.

　　⒆下降动词类：decrease,godown,decline,falldown,drop,sink,dip,keepadownwardtendency

　　⒇波动动词类：fluctuate

　　⒈持平动词类：remainthesame,stabilize,remainstable,remainconstant

　　⒉修饰动词的副词：slightly轻微地，slowly缓慢地，gradually逐渐地，steadily稳定地，rapidly迅速地，moderately温和地，轻微地，significantly明显地，sharply明显地，dramatically急剧地，drastically急剧地

　　⒊上升名词类：increase,rise,growth,jump,surge

　　⒋下降名词类：decrease,decline,fall,reduction,drop

　　⒌波动名词类：fluctuation

　　⒍修饰名词的形容词：slight,slow,gradual,steady,rapid,moderate,significant,sharp,dramatic,drastic

　　⒎雅思极值类词汇和表达

　　⒏最高点：reachthepeak/top/highestpoint

　　⒐Increasetothepeak/top/highestpoint(所有上升类的动词都可以替换掉increase)

　　⒑最低点：reachthebottom/lowestpoint

　　⒒droptothebottom/lowestpoint(所有下降类的动词都可以替换掉drop)

　　⒓占的最多：oupy/makeup/takeup/aountforthelargestproportion/number/percentageof…

　　⒔占的最少：oupy/makeup/takeup/aountforthesmallestproportion/number/percentageof…

　　⒕开头段转述题目常用句型

　　⒖Thelinegraphdescribes/illustrates/demonstrates/summarizes/outlines/shows…后面跟名词或者从句开头段或者主体段引出数据或者趋势常用句型

　　⒗Aordingto/Asshownin/Ascanbeseenfrom…后面跟图表的类型

　　⒘Itcanbeseenfrom…后面跟图表的类型…

　　⒙thatItismanifestfrom…后面跟图表的类型…

　　⒚Goup(wentup)/rise(rose)/grow(grew)/increase(increased)/ascend(ascended),其中rise和increase也经常作名词,grow-growth表示急剧上升的动词

　　⒛Jump(jumped)/surge(surged)/shootup(shotup)/soar(soared)其中surge也可以做名词

　　表示下降的动词Decline/fall/drop/sink/dip/decrease/descend,其中decline/fall/drop/decrease也经常做名词

　　表示急剧下降的动词Plummet/plunge

　　表示速度快的形容词Sharp/dramatic/drastic/rapid/precipitous/steep副词加-ly

　　表示幅度大的形容词Marked/substantial/significant,副词加-ly

　　表示缓慢,逐渐的形容词Gradual/steady/gentle/slow,副词加-ly

　　表示小幅度的形容词Modest/moderate/slight,副词加-ly

　　表示波动的动词Fluctuate,不及物动词,名词fluctuation

　　表示稳定在一个水平上的动词Leveloffat/leveloutat/hoverat/stabilizeat/reachedaplateauat

　　表示达到最高的动词Peakat/reachthehighestpointat,peak也可以做名词

　　表示达到最低的动词Reachthebottomat/thelowestpointat/bottomoutat,bottom也可以做名词

　　表示经历了某种变化的及物动词Experience/witness/see

　　表示达到了多少数量的及物动词或词组Reach/arriveat/amountto/hit/register/standat

　　表示占…(后面跟百分数或数字)的及物动词或词组Aountfor/represent/constitute/makeup

　　表示数据由某几个部分组成的既无动词或者词组Aisposedof/prise/ismadeupof/consistsofB,CandD.注意和include区别

　　表示对未来数字的预测的及物动词Project/predict/forecast

　　表示“分别“的副词Respectively—intheOlympics,ChinaandRussiawonXandYgoldmedalsrespectively

　　表示“大约“的副词或者词组About,around,approximately,roughly,justover,justunder

　　以上就是雅思写作考试综合词汇积累的相关内容，希望可以帮助到各位烤鸭的备考。

　　环球青藤友情提示:以上就是问题解答,希望能够帮助到大家！

　　求各位英文高手翻译,谢谢

　　theresultscanbesummarizedasfollows.其结果可以归纳如下：injapan,demographicsaredefinedbyasustaineddeclineinbirthratesandanincreaseinlongevity,leadingtoanagingofthepopulation.thesharpdeclineinfertilityratesisalsoresponsibleforasignificantdeclineofjapan’spopulation.在日本，人口统计数据可定义为出生率的持续下降和寿命的增长，从而导致人口的老化。生育率的急剧下降也是日本人口明显下降的起因。asaresultofacontractingworkforce,thelevelofrealGDPisprojectedtofall(fromabaselinewithaconstantworkforce)byaboutpercentcumulativelyoverthenexthalf-centuryorso.由于合同劳动力的结果，实际GDP的水平在今后半个世纪左右预计会（从一个恒定劳动力的基准下降约％。intermsofgrowth,annualGDPgrowthinjapanmaybelowerbyabout.percentforsometimeastheeconomysettlestoalong-runequilibriumwithapermanentlyhigherelderlydependencyratioandsmallersupplyoflabor.就增长来说，日本GDP的年增长会在相当长的时间内低于约.％，因为其经济稳定在一个长期的平衡状态，同时伴随着永久性较高的老年从属比率和较少的劳动力供应。inpercapitaterms,GDPperpersondeclinesslightlyinthelongrun(relativetobaseline。outputfallsinproportiontothecontractionoflabor-measuredinefficiencyunits.从每人的意义上说，人均GDP在长期中（相对于基准将稍有下降，产量将按以效率单位衡量的劳动力收缩成比例下降。however,thepercentdeclineineffectivelaborsupplyislargerthanthefallinthe(adult)population,astheshareofelderlyincreases.investmentandsavinglevelsalsodeclinewithGDPthroughtheadjustmentprocess.不过，因为老年人所占份额的关系，有效劳动力供应的下降百分比要大于（成年人口下降的百分比。投资和储蓄水平也将通过这一调节过程而随GDP的下降而下降。thedeclineininvestmentreflectsthedesiretoshedcapitalinthewakeofthecontractioninlaborandoutput,thoughinvestmentrates(asashareofGDP)remainunchanged.投资的下降反映了由于劳动力和产量的收缩而流出资金的愿望，尽管投资比率（作为GDP的一部分仍保持不变。however,savingratesand,hence,thecurrentaountratioincreaseslightlyasthepopulationages.不过，储蓄率，因而活期账户比率会随人口年龄的增大而稍有增加。despiteahigherproportionofelderly(whotendtosaveless),theincreaseinlongevityandthedeclineintheinflowofyoungagents(whotendtohavehighconsumptionpropensities)acttoraisesavingratesinjapan.尽管有较高的（倾向于较少储蓄的老年人比例，但寿命的延长和年轻经纪人（他们往往有高消费的喜好进入的减少对提升日本的储蓄率是有作用的。intermsofpolicyimplications,theanalysishighlightstheimportanceoftakingintoaountprospectivechangesinthemacroeconomicenvironmentwhenevaluatingpoliciesthataddressthechallengesposedbypopulationaging.从政策的关系来看，分析突出了在评价应对人口老化带来的挑战的政策时，考虑宏观经济环境未来变化的重要性anassessmentoffiscalsustainability,forexample,thatfocusedonlyonthesocialsecuritydimensionswouldmissanimportantponentoftheanalysisifitignoredthemacroeconomicimplicationsofdemographihangesforthefiscalaounts.例如，一份关于仅着眼于社会安全方面的财政可持续性的评估，如果忽略了财政帐目人口统计变化的宏观经济关系，那么就会遗漏该分析中一个重要的成分。similarly,theendogenousresponseinprivatebehaviortovariouspolicychangesshouldalsobetakenintoaountwhenexaminingpolicyreforms.同样，在探讨政策改革时，对各种政策私人行为的内源性反应也应加以考虑。onthislastpoint,thesimulationanalysissuggeststhatchangesinsocialsecuritybenefitscanhaveanotableimpactonprivatesectorsaving.在这最后一点上，模拟分析表明，社会安全效益的变化对私人方面的存款会有显著的影响。inparticular,abalanceddeclineinbenefitandcontributionratesisshowntoboostprivatesavingratesbynearlyhalfofthereductioninbenefitrates,asagentsanticipatehavingtoself-financemoreoftheirconsumptioninretirement.特别是在利润和贡献率方面的平衡下降被证明能提升私人的储蓄率，幅度接近于利润率下降幅度的一半，因为经纪人预期，人们将不得不在自己的退休消费中自筹更多的资金。